J. 无出版日期文献(Citing Works with No Date of Publication),用“ (n.d.) ”表示,如:
Brown’s study (n.d) showed that kittens are visually pleasing…
K. 无页码文献(Citing Works without Page Numbers),如引用内容来自电子资源的,引用源自某“部分”(..section)或“段落”(para.)序号加以注明,如:
• (Smith, 2019, para. 5)
• (Brown, 2019, Introduction section, para. 1)
L. 引用来自电子网络资源的(Electronic source),需注明整个网址:
Kidspsych is a wonderful interactive Web site for children ().
M. 引用翻译文献
间接引用格式为: (Author Surname, Year Originally Published/Year of Translation),如 :
(Laplace, 1814/1951)
直接引用格式为:(Author Surname, Year Originally Published/Year of Translation, page number),如:
(Laplace, 1814/1951, p. 148)
注:对应的在参考文献中References其格式为:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle (Translator
First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, Trans.). Place of Publication: Publisher.
(Original work published Year).
References:
Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott &
F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1814).
N. 引用文学作品和经典文献
(1)在引用剧本时应标出引文的幕、场、行,如:
In his famous advice to players, Shakespeare’s Hamlet defines the purpose of theater, “whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to hold, as ‘twere, the mirror up to nature” (3.2.21-23).也可用III.ii.23,分别表示第三幕第二场第23行.
这里的括号夹注表示引文来自剧本第三幕第二场的21至23行。(注意标点的使用。)
When Homer’s Odysseus comes to the hall of Circe, he finds his men “mild / in her soft spell, fed on her drug of evil” (10.209-11).
这里的括号夹注表示引文来自诗歌第10节的209至211行。对不分节的诗第一次引用时应说明括号里标的是行数,使用“line”,以后的引用则不需再说明。例如:
第一次引用:(lines 5-8);以后的引用:(12-13)
例子里的括号夹注表示引文来自该书第二册第十章的第117页。(注意标点和缩略语的使用。)
(3)引用小说
在引用有章节、分册的小说的时候,应标出引文所在的页码、册数、章节,如:
One of Kingsolver’s narrators, teenager Rachel, pushes her vocabulary beyond its limits. For example, Rachel complains that being forced to live in the Congo with her missionary family is “a sheer tapestry of justice” because her chances of finding a boyfriend are “dull and void” (117; bk. 2, ch. 10).
如果论文是有关小说评论,因一般都需从同一小说中反复引用,为方便起见,在第一次引用后用圆括弧注明页码,在加一个尾注,用上标标出。尾注说明格式如下例。以后每次从该小说引用后, 只注明页码即可, 毋需再加尾注。
例:In six months’ time, he was tramped into marriage with her, though “he had no respect for her.” (p. 40)1
尾注格式 (NOTES):
1. All the quotations from the novel are taken from : Thomas Hardy. Jude the Obscure. Oxford: OUP. 1991
在引用《圣经》、《可兰经》等经典文献的时候,应标出引文的篇、章、节,如:
Consider the words of Solomon: “If your enemies are hungry, give them food to eat. If they are thirsty, give them water to drink” (Bible, Prov. 25. 21).
例子里的括号夹注表示引文来自旧约《圣经》的《箴言》篇第25章第21节。《圣经》各篇的缩写有标准的写法,因而使用时应该注意核对。
O. 引用中文作者文献
在用英文撰写论文的过程中,如果要引用中文文献,不能写作者的全名(如Hu Zhuanglin, 1994),也不能直接用中文(如胡壮麟,1994或胡,1994),应为按英文论文的引文格式引用。一般的学术期刊都会提供期刊名称及文献题目的英文翻译,作者不要自己随便翻译。 比如:
For example, text studies in the 1960s and early 1970s were more or less concerned with “text grammar” and textual “grammaticality” (Hu, 1994,pp. 5-6).
These scholars chose to study coherence as a social phenomenon, rather than a mental phenomenon (Zhu & Yan, 2019).