英语会话必须掌握的五种基本结构
毕业论文学好在初中阶段所学过的简单句的5种基本结构,对于提高自己的听、说、读、写、译能力至关重要。
1、简单句常见的5种基本结构
1.主+谓
2.主+系+表
3.主+谓+宾
4.主+谓+间宾+直宾
5.主+谓+宾+宾补
2、对于各个基本结构,要求掌握的知识有:
1.主+谓:例如:I went to school at 7:00.
主谓+状:这1结构中的动词为不及物动词,其后没有宾语。
2.主+系+表:例如:The food smells delicious.
1)常见的连系动词:
a.be;
b.look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem等;(要用主动表被动)
c.become,get,turn,grow,fall等;
d.keep,stay等。
2)只能作表语的形容词:alone,asleep,afraid,alive,ill等。
3)look与seem的'区别
a.look是“貌似”之意,指凭视觉作出判断;
b.seem是“似乎”“好像”之意,表示根据1定线索对某事物作出判断;
c.look like不能换为seem like;
d.seem可接不定式,且可转换为It seems/seemed that.。。结构,而look不能。
3.主+谓+宾:例如:He hopes to fly to the moon.
1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词:want,hope,wish,would like,decide,agree,ask,can’t wait等;
2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词:mind,enjoy,keep,finish,can’t help等;
3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且有区别的常见动词:
a.remember to do 记住要做……(还未做)
remember doing 记得做了……(已做过)
b.forget to do 忘了做……(还未做)
forget doing 忘了做过……(已做过)
c.stopto do 停下来去做……
stop doing 停止做……
d.go on to do 接下来去做……
go on doing 继续做……
e.try to do 尽力做……
try doing 试着做……(看有无结果)
4)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且无区别的常见动词:begin,start,like,love,hate等。
4.主+谓+间宾+直宾:例如:He gave me a pen.
1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后,但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或for(目的);例如:They lent the bike to the boy.
2)主 谓 直宾 间宾:需在间宾前加to的常见动词有:give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,tell,teach等;
3)需在间宾前加for的常见动词有:make,buy,do,cook,sing,find等;
4)最好用主+谓+直宾+间宾结构的情况:
a.当直接宾语是人称代词时:例如:I’ll send it to you.
b.直宾+间宾:当直宾比间宾短时:例如:We’ll sing some songs for the friend from a foreign country.
5.主+谓+宾+宾补:例如:The boy wished his father to buy a bike for him.
1)带to的不定式作宾补:例如:She asked me to call him again.
很多动词后面都可以有这种宾补。初中教材常见的这类动词有:ask,tell,want,wish,would like,like,hate等。注:hope后不能接复合宾语。
2)不带to的不定式作宾补:例如:We often hear the girl sing the song.
能带这种复合宾语的动词为感官动词、短语动词和使役动词如let,feel,notice,help,make,have,listen to,hear,see,watch,look at,observe.
注:①如果这种结构变为被动语态,不定式就必然带to。②help后的不定式可以带to也可不带to.
3)分词作宾补:例如:He heard somebody knocking on the window.